In 2023, there were numerous medical firsts and breakthroughs, as well as worrying trends in health and wellness. Notable advancements included the approval of anti-obesity GLP-1 drugs showing cardiovascular benefits, the FDA’s approval of the first RSV vaccine ‘Arexvy’, and lecanemab being approved for Alzheimer’s treatment despite safety concerns. Norgestrel also gained approval for over-the-counter sale as an oral contraceptive. However, concerns were raised about the lack of non-barrier birth control options for men and the rise in colon cancer cases in young people. The World Health Organization’s announcement that sucralose, an artificial sweetener, might cause DNA damage was also a significant finding.
Research findings on artificial sweeteners like sucralose-6-acetate suggested a potential link to DNA damage which could increase cancer risk. This chemical is commonly found in various food items like chewing gum, salad dressings, and sugar-free jams. However, the study was conducted on human blood cells, and a person would need to consume an excessive daily amount of sucralose-sweetened beverages to experience the same DNA-damaging effect. Despite the potential risks associated with artificial sweeteners, obstacles like funding, timing, and ethical challenges hinder more in-depth research on their long-term effects in humans.
Another concerning trend in 2023 was the near doubling of colon and rectal cancer cases in individuals under 55 years old. Early-onset colorectal cancer was shown to be associated with specific symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and iron deficiency anemia. Lifestyle factors, sedentary work habits, diet, and genetic predisposition were identified as potential contributors to the rise in colon cancer rates. Recommendations for colorectal cancer screenings have been updated to detect these issues earlier.
The topic of male contraception, particularly the lack of oral contraceptive options for men, was also discussed. Despite female birth control pills being available since the 1960s, no equivalent options exist for men. Men currently have limited choices with condoms and vasectomies, which may not be suitable for everyone due to various factors like allergies or effectiveness. Issues surrounding side effects in male contraceptive trials were raised, highlighting the need for more research and development in this area to provide safer options for men.
Overall, 2023 saw a mix of medical breakthroughs and concerning trends in health and wellness. While advances in drug approvals and treatment options were made, issues like the link between artificial sweeteners and cancer, the rise in colon cancer cases in young people, and the lack of male contraceptive options highlighted ongoing challenges in the healthcare landscape. More research and attention to addressing these issues will be crucial for improving overall health outcomes and advancing medical knowledge in the future.