The respiratory virus season in the United States may be coming to an end, but concerns are rising about a potential summer wave of COVID-19 infections due to a new group of variants called FLiRT. These variants, including KP.2, have quickly become dominant, surpassing the previous omicron subvariant JN.1. As of late April, KP.2 accounted for one in four infections nationwide, with other FLiRT variants also circulating in smaller numbers. While cases and hospitalizations are currently down, experts are watching closely for a potential resurgence this summer.
The FLiRT variants, KP.2 and KP.1.1, are related to JN.1.11.1 and have two additional mutations that set them apart and potentially make them more transmissible. These mutations make KP.2 a better virus at transmitting and evading pre-existing immunity in the population. Some early data suggest that current vaccines and immunity from prior infection may only offer partial protection against these new variants, raising concerns about the effectiveness of existing countermeasures.
It is still too early to predict whether the FLiRT variants will lead to a summer surge in COVID-19 cases. Test positivity rates have declined, suggesting a low level of viral activity, but the virus is still circulating year-round. While the emergence of new variants like KP.2 raises concerns, experts believe that the situation may not lead to a massive surge in cases but a smaller wave of infections, given other factors such as immunity levels and seasonal changes in behaviors that could limit virus spread.
Symptoms of the FLiRT variants appear to be similar to those caused by previous strains, including sore throat, cough, fatigue, congestion, and others. While data on the severity of these new variants are still limited, initial reports suggest that the FLiRT variants, including KP.2, may not cause more severe disease than previous strains. Early laboratory studies indicate that current vaccines can provide some level of protection against KP.2 and other variants, but an updated booster may be necessary in the future.
Protecting against the new FLiRT variants involves staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines, testing if symptoms occur, staying home when sick, practicing good hand hygiene, improving ventilation, wearing masks in crowded indoor spaces, and practicing social distancing. While the situation with the FLiRT variants is still evolving, being proactive with preventive measures can help reduce the risk of infection and transmission. Overall, experts recommend staying cautious, following public health guidelines, and being prepared for potential changes in the COVID-19 landscape.