Researchers are delving deeper into the potential health risks associated with chemical additives in microplastics. A recent study used 3D human skin-equivalent models to investigate how flame retardant additives in microplastics are absorbed through the skin. The study found that several flame-retardant additives were able to pass through the skin barrier, raising concerns about potential exposure risks for individuals. Microplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters, are commonly found in the environment and humans are regularly exposed to them. The study authors highlighted the health risks associated with chemical additives in microplastics, such as endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cancer.
The study published in Environment International focused specifically on certain flame retardants that can be added to plastic and how they are absorbed through the skin. Researchers observed that the skin was able to absorb up to 8% of the exposure dose of flame retardant additives, although specific amounts varied. However, the study found that only a tiny amount of the additives actually made it into the bloodstream, not exceeding 0.14% of the initial dose present in the microplastics. Additionally, sweaty skin was found to be more likely to absorb certain flame retardants compared to dry skin, highlighting the importance of understanding skin absorption as a potential exposure route for these chemicals.
The study used lab-made microplastics to investigate how exposure to different types of microplastics affects absorption of flame retardant chemicals through the skin. Researchers detected the presence of several flame retardant chemicals in the skin, with five of the flame retardants tested able to pass through the skin barrier to reach levels equivalent to the human bloodstream. The study also examined how skin hydration impacted absorption, noting that sweatier skin increased dermal bioavailability, except for one specific flame retardant. However, the study did not observe any microplastic particles penetrating through the artificial skin, suggesting that the skin barrier may be effective in preventing the entry of plastic additives into the body.
Despite the compelling findings of the study, there are certain limitations that researchers acknowledge. The use of skin models may not fully represent real-world exposures, as they do not account for other factors involved in exposure to microplastics. Additionally, the study only examined a small number of flame retardant types, leaving room for further research on other chemicals. Future studies could explore the risks of exposure to microplastics through the skin and potentially develop strategies to minimize health risks associated with these chemicals. The study authors emphasize the importance of these findings for regulators and policymakers in legislating for microplastics to safeguard public health against exposure to toxic chemicals.
As more information emerges about the dangers of microplastics, scientists and researchers may consider developing safer flame retardants and exploring alternative materials to reduce the buildup of microplastics in the environment. Efforts could focus on designing out hazardous chemicals from products and finding non-problematic additives to replace harmful flame retardants. The study authors suggest that using less-flammable materials could be a potential solution to reduce the need for flame retardant additives. Overall, there is a growing need to address the health implications of exposure to chemical additives in microplastics and take proactive steps to protect public health from the potential risks associated with these substances.